Easy Chinese Characters

When my non-Chinese-speaker friends saw me writing my diary in Mandarin, they always gasped and thought that I was writing some kind of mysterious and complicated code. Chinese characters, or Hànzì, seem to be one of the hardest parts for many Chinese learners since the complicated strokes and appearances, which are so not easy to learn.   

There are more than 85000 Chinese characters in the collection, according to Zhonghua Zihai (中华字海), the Chinese character dictionary published in 1994. However, only those are officially classified in six-fold classification (liùshū, 六书) are “effective” Chinese characters, simply put, only about 13000 words, among which 2500 to 3000 words are enough for daily work or reading.  

For the beginners, there are some basic Chinese characters that are commonly used and super easy to write; some of them are pictograms which are easy to memorize with pictures. Below are 40 easy Chinese characters that are a good path to begin your learning Chinese characters. These characters are broken down into categories including numbers, days, directions or locations, nature, people, size and body parts.

 

Chinese Numbers 1 to 10

Let’s start with numbers. Number one to ten in Chinese can be the very first ten words you learn in Chinese characters, and luckily ten of them are all easy to write, none of them are more than five strokes. The rules are pretty simple to combine them to become new numbers.

English	one	two	three	four	five	six	seven	eight	nine	ten
Chinese (Pīnyīn)	一 (Yī)	二 (Èr)	三 (sān)	四 (sì)	五 (wǔ)	六 (liù)	七 (qī)	八 (bā)	九 (jiǔ)	十 (shí)

Now if you know one to ten in Chinese characters — you actually know number one to ninety-nine in Chinese. This is because numbers like 20 or 30 are represented by just adding the “number” + “10” + “number”. For example, 17 = 十七 (Shíqī); 24 = 二十四 (Èrshísì); 58 = 五十八 (Wǔshíbā); and 99 = 九十九 (Jiǔshíjiǔ), etc. So congratulations! Now you know how to express and write one to ninety-nine in Chinese.

 

How to say day, month, and year in Chinese

Now, If you want to describe what day or date is it with numbers, you need Chinese words for “year”, “month”, and “day”.

“year”: 年 (nián)  

“month”: 月 (yuè)

“day”: 日 (rì)

If you try to say the date, which includes year, month, and day, you will say:

今天是2017年六月二十一日。

(Jīntiān shì èr líng yīqī nián liù yuè èrshíyī rì)

Today is June 21st, 2017.

Unlike English, the months in Chinese have no any new words, the rule is just combining the number to “month” (月, yuè ). For example, January = 一月(Yī yuè); February = 二月(èr yuè); March = 三月(sān yuè); November = 十一月(shíyī yuè), and December = 十二月.(shí’èr yuè). By the way, days of the week in Chinese have the same rules as months’, the word for “week” is 星期 (Xīngqí), so Monday = 星期一, Wednesday = 星期三, etc, must notice that “Sunday” is a special one, Sunday is not 星期七 but instead 星期日(Xīngqírì) or 星期天 (Xīngqítiān).

 

How to ask for directions in Chinese

Chinese characters for location and directions have some easy words as well:

“up”:        上 (Shàng)         

“middle”:  中 (zhōng)

“down”:    下 (xià)

“left”:       左 (zuǒ)

“right”:     右 (yòu)

“out”:       出 (chū)

“in”:          入 (rù)

The Chinese word for “up” (上，Shàng) and “down”(下，xià) are classified in ideograms in six-fold classification, in which the words comes from an abstract concept like location.

 

How to say the elements in Chinese

The five elements, also known as The Wu Xing (五行，Wǔ Xíng) are ancient Chinese and Taoism philosophy, which can be used on fortune-telling, explaining the phenomena on someone’s conditions, destiny, health, etc, and how the five elements affect each other. The Wu Xing include “metal”, “wood”, “water”, “fire”, and “earth”.

“metal”:  金 (Jīn)

“wood”:  木 (mù)

“water”:  水 (shuǐ)

“fire”:      火(huǒ)

“earth”:   土 (tǔ)

Similarly, All of these five characters are pictograms in six-fold classification, in which words are originated from concrete images. The following pictures are the images that Wu Xing are developed from, and the colorful picture for more pictograms-category Chinese characters. Hope it’s much easier for you to remember the words.

How to describe people in Chinese

One of the most simple and commonly used words in Chinese characters,  people (人，Rén) is one of the pictograms characters, and words such as “sky”(天，Tiān)、 “husband”(夫，fū)、 “big” (大，dà) look similar to 人, so you can remember them all together.

天 (Tiān) has two more strokes on 人 (Rén), imagine: the upper space of a person, the sky, right? Furthermore, 夫 (fū) looks “taller” than 天(Tiān). In ancient China, men were considered to be prior to women, and thus to the wives, husbands had high status, even higher than the sky, makes sense, right?  

“people”:    人 (Rén) – also one of the radicle in Chinese characters “亻”，characters with this radicle usually have something to do with “people”, for example, “you”(你，Nǐ)、 “he” (他，Tā).

“man”:         男 (nán) – composed of 田(Tián), meaning “farm” and 力 (lì), meaning power. In the past, men worked on the farm, they devoted their power and hard work in the farm. Pictograms for 田 and 力 are on the picture below.

“girl”:           女(nǚ)

“child”:        子 (zi)

“king”:         王 (wáng)

“husband”:  夫 (fū)

Notice there’s a 王 (wáng) on the tiger’s forehead? In Chinese culture, tigers are considered most powerful among animals, as known as “King of the Hundred Animals”. In modern Chinese, 王 (wáng)  can be added to a noun, meaning that someone is a professional in that field, for example, the childhood Japanese cartoon and manga series “Hikaru no Go“, Chinese translation as 棋灵王 (Qí líng wáng), meaning an expert in Go game.

Nature Words in Mandarin Chinese

speaking of nature, there are sky, land, mountain, forest, river, and so on. Here are some of the easy characters.

“sky”:          天 (Tiān)

“land”:         地 (de)

“mountain”: 山 (shān)

“forest”:      林 (lín)

“river”:        川 (chuān)

We’ve learned 木 (mù) as “wood” or “tree”, then it’s not hard to imagine that many trees become a “forest”, the double 木 becomes 林(lín). In Chinese, the noun for “forest” is 森林 (Sēnlín), see there’re more trees?

 

Learning the Body Parts Characters In Mandarin

Again, many body parts in Chinese have a lot to do with pictograms.

“hand”: 手 (Shǒu)

“head”: 头 (tóu)

“mouth”: 口 (kǒu)

“heart”: 心 (xīn)

“eye”:    目 (Mù) – In Chinese, we say 眼睛 (Yǎnjīng) meaning “eyes”, both Chinese characters with 目 (Mù) as radicle.

These are some of the easy Chinese characters that are recommended for beginners looking to learn Mandarin, with images and most important, few strokes, can help you understand Chinese words with visual memorizing approaches as well as build up basic ideas for Chinese characters.

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